Question Words
なに "what"
なにをしましょうか。What should we do?
なにをかいましょうか。What should we buy?
どこ "where"
あしたどこであさごはんとひるごはんをたべますか。Where will you have breakfast and lunch tomorrow?
どこのみせですか。Which store is it?
どの "which" (out of three or more choices)
どのさかなをたべましょうか。Which fish should we eat?
どのはなをかいましょうか。Which flowers should we buy?
だれ "who" and どなた "who": どなた is more formal
だれですか。Who is it?
どなたがすもうがすきですか。Who likes sumo wrestling?
どれ "which one"
どれがやすいですか。Which one is inexpensive?
どれをかいましょうか。Which one should we buy?
なん "what" - なに changes to なん before です and の. It can but doesn't have to change before で.
そのかみはなんですか。What is that paper?
それはなんおこうこくですか。What advertisement is that?
どう "how" / "how about"
おてんきはどうでしたか。How was the weather?
あのきっさてんはどうですか。How about that coffee shop over there?
Conjugation Summary
Verb
Present Affirmative - たべます。I eat / I will eat.
Present Negative - たべません。I don't eat / I will not eat.
Past Affirmative - たべました。I ate.
Past Negative - たべませんでした。I didn't eat.
I-Adjectives
Present Affirmative - おうきいです。It is big.
Present Negative - おうきくありません。It is not big.
Past Affirmative - おうきかったです。It was big.
Past Negative - おうきくありませんでした。It was not big.
Present Affirmative - しずかです。It is quiet.
Present Negative - しずかではありません。It is not quiet.
Past Affirmative - しずかでした。It was quiet.
Past Negative - しずかではありませんでした。It was not quiet.
Noun + Copula
Present Affirmative - がくせいです。I am a student.
Present Negative - がくせいではありません。I am not a student.
Past Affirmative - がくせいでした。I was a student.
Past Negative - がくせいではありませんでした。I was not a student.
Ko-So-A-Do Words
Ko - refers to things at the same place as both the speaker and the listener, or at the same place as the speaker but away from the listener.
So - refers to things near both the speaker and the listener, or at the same place as the listener but away from the speaker.
A - refers to things outside of the immediate reach of both the speaker and the listener.
Do - question words
このかみ this paper
そのかみ that paper
あのかみ that paper over there
どのかみ which paper
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